Table of cases

177 extracted decisions, in alphabetical order. Each link opens the extract in its chapter.

A

• A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)ch. 14
• A&M Records v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)ch. 24
• A.V. ex rel. Vanderhye v. iParadigms, LLC, 562 F.3d 630 (4th Cir. 2009)ch. 15
• Aalmuhammed v. Lee, 202 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2000)ch. 16
• Alfred Bell & Co., Ltd. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc., 191 F.2d 99 (2d Cir. 1951)ch. 2
• Allen v. Cooper, 589 U.S. 248 (2020)ch. 28
• American Broadcasting Companies v. Aereo, Inc., 134 S.Ct. 2498 (2014)ch. 23
• American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc., 60 F.3d 913 (2d Cir. 1994)ch. 14
• American Society for Testing & Materials v. Pub.Resource.Org, 896 F.3d 437 (D.C. Cir. 2018)ch. 5
• Andersen v. Stability AI Ltd., 700 F. Supp. 3d 853 (N.D. Cal. 2023)ch. 26
• Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Lynn Goldsmith, 598 U.S. 508 (2023)ch. 11
• ANI Media v. Open AI (Delhi High Court, 24 July 2026)ch. 15
• Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp., 714 F.2d 1240 (3d Cir. 1983)ch. 20
• Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 35 F.3d 1435 (9th Cir. 1994)ch. 20
• Arnstein v. Porter, 154 F.2d 464 (2d Cir. 1946)ch. 7
• Art Attacks Ink, LLC v. MGA Entertainment Inc., 581 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2009)ch. 8
• Assessment Technologies of Wis., LLC v. WIREdata, 350 F.3d 640 (7th Cir. 2003)ch. 15
• Authors Guild v. Google, Inc., 804 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2015)ch. 15
• Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, 755 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2014)ch. 15
• Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, 755 F.3d 87 (2d Cir.2014)ch. 14

B

• Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1879)ch. 4
• Bartz v. Anthropic PBC, 2025 WL 1741691 (N.D. Cal. June 23, 2025) (first extract)ch. 15
• Bartz v. Anthropic PBC, 2025 WL 1741691 (N.D. Cal. June 23, 2025) (second extract)ch. 15
• Bikram’s Yoga College of India, L.P. v. Evolation Yoga, LLC, 803 F.3d 1032 (9th Cir. 2015)ch. 4
• Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley Ltd., 448 F.3d 605 (2d Cir 2006)ch. 14
• Blanch v. Koons, 467 F.3d 244 (2d Cir. 2006)ch. 13
• Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co., 188 U.S. 239 (1903)ch. 2
• Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus, 210 U.S. 339 (1908)ch. 21
• Boesen v. United Sports Publications, Ltd., 2020 WL 6393010 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 2, 2020)ch. 13
• Bond v. Blum 317 F.3d 385 (4th Cir. 2003)ch. 14
• Bradbury v. Columbia Broad Sys., Inc., 287 F.2d 478 (9th Cir. 1961)ch. 7
• Bright Tunes Music v. Harrisongs Music, 420 F.Supp. 177 (S.D.N.Y. 1976)ch. 6
• Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53 (1884)ch. 2

C

• Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 US 569 (1994)ch. 10
• Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc., 910 F.3d 649 (2d Cir. 2018)ch. 21
• Cariou v. Prince, 714 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 2013)ch. 13
• Carroll Shelby Licensing, Inc. v. Halicki, 138 F.4th 1178 (9th Cir. 2025)ch. 17
• Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc., 536 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2008)ch. 27
• Cartoon Network v. CSC Holdings, 536 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2008)ch. 6
• Case Study: A Single Piece of American Cheesech. 3
• Castle Rock Entertainment v. Carol Publishing Group, Inc., 150 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 1998)ch. 9
• Close v. Sotheby’s, 894 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2018)ch. 21
• Cobbler Nevada, LLC v. Gonzales, 901 F.3d 1142 (9th Cir. 2018)ch. 24
• Cohen v. G&M Realty LP, 320 F.Supp.3d 421 (EDNY 2018) (February 12, 2018)ch. 18
• Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989)ch. 16
• Computer Associates International Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 982 F.2d 693 (2d Cir. 1992)ch. 20
• Contractual restraints on the first sale doctrinech. 21
• Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment, 607 U.S. 583 (2026)ch. 24

D

• Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox 539 U.S. 23 (2003)ch. 18
• DC Comics v. Towle, 802 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2015)ch. 17
• Disney Enterprises, Inc. v. VidAngel Inc. 869 F.3d 848 (9th Cir. 2017)ch. 10
• Dr. Seuss Enterprises, LP v. ComicMix LLC, 983 F.3d 443 (9th Cir. 2020)ch. 13
• Dr. Seuss Enterprises, LP v. Penguin Books, USA, Inc., 109 F.3d 1394 (9th Cir. 1997)ch. 13

E

• Effects Assocs. v. Cohen, 908 F.2d 555 (9th Cir. 1990)ch. 16
• Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc. v. Passport Video, 349 F.3d 622 (9th Cir. 2003)ch. 14
• The end of the Cox litigationch. 25

F

• Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991)ch. 2
• Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340 (1998)ch. 28
• Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342, 349 (C.C.D. Mass. 1841) (No. 4901)ch. 6
• Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc., 76 F.3d 259 (9th Cir. 1996)ch. 24
• Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com, LLC, 139 S. Ct. 881 (2019)ch. 28
• Fox Broadcasting Co., Inc. v. Dish Network L.L.C., 747 F.3d 1060 (9th Cir. 2014)ch. 27

G

• Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc)ch. 17
• Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc. 140 S.Ct. 1498 (2020)ch. 5
• Gershwin Pub. Corp. v. Columbia Artists Management, Inc., 443 F.2d 1159 (2d Cir. 1971)ch. 24
• Getty Images (US) Inc. v. Stability AI Ltd. [2025] EWHC 2863 (Ch) (4 Nov. 2025)ch. 15
• Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc., 141 S. Ct. 1183 (2021)ch. 11
• Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc., 141 S.Ct. 1183 (2021)ch. 20
• Gyles v. Wilcox (1740) 26 ER 489ch. 6

H

• Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive, 115 F.4th 163 (2d Cir. 2024)ch. 14
• hiQ Labs, Inc. v. LinkedIn Corp., 31 F.4th 1180 (9th Cir. 2022)ch. 26
• Hunley v. Instagram, LLC, 73 F.4th 1060 (9th Cir. 2023)ch. 27
• Hustler Magazine Inc. v. Moral Majority Inc., 796 F.2d 1148 (9th Cir. 1986)ch. 14

I

• The image search cases: Kelly and Perfect 10ch. 14
• Infinity Broadcast Corp. v. Kirkwood, 150 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 1998)ch. 14

J

• John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. DRK Photo, 882 F.3d 394 (2d Cir. 2018)ch. 28

K

• Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc., 2025 WL 1752484 (N.D. Cal. June 25, 2025)ch. 15
• Keeling v. Hars, 809 F.3d 43 (2d Cir. 2015)ch. 9
• Kelley v. Chicago Park District, 635 F.3d 290, 303 (7th Cir. 2011)ch. 2
• Kienitz v. Sconnie Nation LLC, 766 F.3d 756 (7th Cir. 2014)ch. 13
• Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 133 S. Ct. 1351 (2013)ch. 21
• Klinger v. Conan Doyle Estate, Ltd., 755 F.3d 496 (7th Cir. 2014)ch. 17
• Krause v. Titleserv, Inc., 402 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2005)ch. 22

L

• L. Batlin & Son, Inc. v. Snyder, 536 F.2d 486 (2d Cir. 1976)ch. 2
• Lee v. A.R.T. Co., 125 F.3d 580, 582 (7th Cir. 1997)ch. 9
• Leibovitz v. Paramount Pictures Corp., 137 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 1998)ch. 13
• Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., 815 F.3d 1145 (9th Cir. 2015)ch. 25
• Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of Am., Inc., 964 F.2d 965 (9th Cir. 1992)ch. 9
• Lexmark Intern. v. Static Control Components, 387 F.3d 522 (6th Cir. 2004)ch. 15
• Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 387 F.3d 522 (6th Cir. 2004)ch. 5
• Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352 (9th Cir. 1984)ch. 9
• Los Angeles News Service v. KCAL-TV Channel 9, 108 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 1997)ch. 13
• Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int’l, Inc., 49 F.3d 807 (1st Cir. 1995)ch. 20
• Lynk Media, LLC v. Independent Digital News & Media, LLC, 2025 WL 2771625 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 29, 2025)ch. 13

M

• MAI Systems Corporation v. Peak Computer, Inc., 991 F.2d 511 (9th Cir. 1993)ch. 6
• Estate of Martin Luther King v. CBS, Inc., 194 F.3d 1211 (11th Cir. 1999)ch. 1
• Mattel Inc. v. Walking Mountain Products, 353 F.3d 792 (9th Cir. 2003)ch. 13
• Matthew Sag, Copyright Safety for Generative AI, 61 Houston Law Review 295 (2023)ch. 17
• Matthew Sag, Fairness and Fair Use in Generative AI, 92 Fordham Law Review 1887 (2024)ch. 15
• Matthew Sag, Internet Safe Harbors and the Transformation of Copyright Lawch. 25
• Mavrix Photographs, LLC v. LiveJournal, Inc., 873 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2017)ch. 25
• Mazer v. Stein, 347 U.S. 201 (1954)ch. 19
• MDY Industries v. Blizzard Entertainment, 629 F.3d 928 (9th Cir. 2010)ch. 22
• MDY Industries, LLC v. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc., 629 F.3d 928 (9th Cir. 2010)ch. 26
• Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005)ch. 24
• ML Genius Holdings LLC v. Google LLC, No. 20-3113 (2d Cir. 2022) (Non-precedential)ch. 22
• Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc., 688 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2012)ch. 13

N

• Nichols v. Universal Pictures, 45 F.2d 119 (2d Cir. 1930)ch. 4
• Núñez v. Caribbean International News Corporation, 235 F.3d 18 (1st Cir. 2000)ch. 13

O

• Oracle International Corp. v. Rimini Street, Inc., 123 F.4th 986 (9th Cir. 2024)ch. 9

P

• Paramount Pictures Corp. v. Axanar Prods., Inc., 2017 WL 83506 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 3, 2017)ch. 17
• Penguin Random House LLC v. Colting, 270 F. Supp. 3d 736 (S.D.N.Y. 2017)ch. 9
• Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2007)ch. 24
• Perfect 10, Inc. v. Giganews, Inc., 847 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2017)ch. 24
• Perfect 10, Inc. v. Giganews, Inc., 847 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2017)ch. 27
• Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa International Service Association, 494 F.3d 788 (9th Cir. 2007)ch. 24
• Peter F. Gaito Architecture, LLC v. Simone Development Corp. 602 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2010)ch. 7
• Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Martin Weiner Corp. 274 F.2d 487 (2d Cir. 1960)ch. 7
• Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1962 (2014)ch. 28
• Plains Cotton Coop. Ass’n v. Goodpasture Computer Serv., Inc., 807 F.2d 1256 (5th Cir. 1987)ch. 20
• Pope v. Curl, 2 Atk. 342 (1741) (Ch. U.K.)ch. 16
• ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, 86 F.3d 1447 (7th Cir. 1996)ch. 22

R

• Reddit, Inc. v. Anthropic PBC, 826 F. Supp. 3d 1059 (N.D. Cal. 2026)ch. 22
• Registration Case Study: Rose Enigmach. 3
• Registration Case Study: Suryastch. 3
• Registration Case Study: Théâtre D’opéra Spatialch. 3
• Registration Case Study: Zarya of the Dawnch. 3
• Rentmeester v. Nike, Inc., 883 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2018)ch. 7
• Reyher v. Children’s Television Workshop. 533 F.2d 87 (2d Cir. 1976)ch. 7
• Richardson v. Townsquare Media, Inc., 174 F.4th 299 (2d 2026)ch. 8
• Richardson v. Townsquare Media, Inc., 174 F.4th 299 (2d 2026)ch. 13
• Rogers v. Koons 960 F.2d 301 (2d Cir. 1992)ch. 13
• Romanova v. Amilus Inc., 138 F.4th 104 (2d Cir. 2025)ch. 12
• Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co. 429 F.2d 1106 (9th Cir. 1970)ch. 7

S

• SAS Institute, Inc. v. World Programming Ltd., 64 F.4th 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2023)ch. 20
• Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc., 977 F.2d 1510 (9th Cir. 1992)ch. 15
• Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc., 977 F.2d 1510 (9th Cir. 1992)ch. 20
• Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp. 81 F.2d 49 (2d Cir. 1936)ch. 7
• Sid & Marty Krofft Television v. McDonald’s Corp 562 F.2d 1157 (1977)ch. 7
• Skidmore v. Led Zeppelin, 952 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2020) (En Banc)ch. 8
• Skidmore v. Led Zeppelin, 952 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2020) (En Banc)ch. 8
• Estate of Smith v. Graham, 799 F. App’x 36 (2d Cir. 2020)ch. 13
• Sofa Entertainment, Inc. v. Dodger Productions, Inc., 709 F.3d 1273 (9th Cir. 2013)ch. 14
• Solid Oak Sketches, LLC v. 2K Games, Inc., 449 F. Supp. 3d 333 (SDNY 2020)ch. 8
• Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix, 203 F.3d 596 (9th Cir. 2000)ch. 15
• Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984)ch. 14
• Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984)ch. 24
• Sony Music Entertainment v. Cox Communications, Inc., 93 F.4th 222 (4th Cir. 2024), rev’d, 607 U.S. 583 (2026)ch. 24
• Star Athletica LLC v. Varsity Brands Inc., 137 S.Ct. 1002 (2017)ch. 19
• Steinberg v. Columbia Pictures Indus., 663 F. Supp. 706 (S.D.N.Y. 1987)ch. 17
• Stevens v. Corelogic, Inc., 899 F.3d 666 (9th Cir. 2018)ch. 26
• Stewart v. Abend, 495 U.S. 207 (1990)ch. 16
• Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2001)ch. 13
• Swatch Group v. Bloomberg, 756 F.3d 73 (2d Cir. 2014)ch. 13
• Swirsky v. Carey, 376 F.3d 841 (9th Cir. 2004)ch. 7

T

• Thaler v. Perlmutter, 130 F. 4th 1039 (D.C. Cir. 2025)ch. 3
• Thomson Reuters v. Ross Intelligence 765 F.Supp.3d 382 (2025)ch. 15
• Three Boys Music Corp. v. Bolton 212 F.3d 477 (9th Cir. 2000)ch. 7
• The Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U.S. 82 (1879)ch. 2
• Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc., 2024 WL 557720 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 12, 2024)ch. 26

U

• U.S. Copyright Office Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 1: Digital Replicasch. 17
• U.S. Copyright Office Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 2: Copyrightability (2025)ch. 3
• U.S. Copyright Office Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 3: Generative AI Trainingch. 17
• UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Shelter Capital Partners, 718 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2013)ch. 24

V

• Vernor v. Autodesk, Inc., 621 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2010)ch. 22
• Vetter v. Resnik, 163 F.4th 951 (5th Cir. 2026)ch. 16
• Viacom International, Inc. v. YouTube, Inc., 676 F.3d 19 (2d Cir. 2012)ch. 25

W

• Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, 216 F.2d 945 (9th Cir. 1954)ch. 17
• Warner Brothers Entertainment, Inc. v. RDR Books, 575 F. Supp. 2d 513 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)ch. 9
• Warner Chappell Music, Inc. v. Nealy, 601 U.S. 366 (2024)ch. 28
• Weissmann v. Freeman, 868 F.2d 1313 (2d Cir. 1989)ch. 16
• Wheaton v. Peters, 33 U.S. 591 (1834)ch. 1
• Whelan Assocs., Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Lab., Inc., 797 F.2d 1222 (3d Cir. 1986)ch. 20
• White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co., 209 U.S. 1 (1908)ch. 6
• Whyte Monkee Productions, LLC v. Netflix, Inc., 174 F.4th 761 (10th Cir. 2026)ch. 12

X

• X Corp. v. Bright Data Ltd., 733 F. Supp. 3d 832 (N.D. Cal. 2024)ch. 22

Y

• Yonay v. Paramount Pictures Corp., 163 F.4th 685 (9th Cir. 2026)ch. 7